ABSTRACT
Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia has been observed more in people with diabetes when compared with general population. The risk factors for MCI in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been defined in elderly patients and aging may itself contribute to declining in cognitive functions. As the large number people with T2DM are under 60years, the prevalence of MCI and factors contributing to it are not much studied. So, this study aimed to find out the factors contributing to MCI in non-elderly T2DM patients.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 257 patients with T2DM underwent cognitive assessment by Montreal cognitive assessment test and the cognitive levels were correlated with their glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP).Results: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was 64.2%. MCI significantly correlated with duration of diabetes, socioeconomic status, HbA1c, serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein and hsCRP levels. The factors that were statistically insignificant were body mass index and high-density lipoprotein levels.Conclusions: Cognitive impairment is seen even in non-elderly T2DM patients. It should be considered along with the other complications of diabetes and individuals with T2DM should be screened for cognitive impairment to prevent progression to dementia.
ABSTRACT
Background: Asthma is a common problem all around the world with variable prevalence ranging from 1%–18% in different age and geographical distribution. There are proximately 300 million affected individuals. There are growing prevalence and morbidity, due to asthma associated with pregnancy. The course of asthma in pregnancy is unpredictable. Methods: 2400 consecutive pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of S.P. Medical College and AG of Hospitals, Bikaner, were screened using asthma questionnaire translated in Hindi based on the questionnaire developed for International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 52 patients diagnosed as asthma were subjected for PFT and classified according to clinical severity as per GINA guidelines, 2006. All subjects were followed till delivery and postpartum charts reviewed to see neonate and maternal outcome. Results: The prevalence of asthma during pregnancy was 2.1%, among them, 25 (48.1%) were categorized as having intermittent asthma, 6 (11.5%) with mild persistent asthma, 10 (19.2%) with moderate persistent asthma and 11 (21.2%) having severe persistent asthma. During the course of pregnancy, 36% had no change in the symptomatology, while (32.5%) experienced improvement and (32.5%) of worsening of asthma. 22 (42.31%) women were newly diagnosed during our study. There was no significant adverse maternal and fetal outcome in asthmatic group compared to control. Conclusions: Asthma is an under diagnosed and under treated disorder, especially during pregnancy and overall morbidity of asthma among women & neonates does not change during pregnancy.